Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011 – International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

A0098101111

IJEAT Journal — Mon, 18 Oct 2021 11:09:54 +0000

The International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) has ISSN: 2249-8958 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal, which is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in February, April, June, August, October and December. The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-power design #Nanometer-scale integrated circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano electronics and Quantum Computing #3. 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Signal Code Modulation for Broadband Wireless Systems
Anubhuti Khare¹, Manish Saxena², Pravin J Chaudhari³ ¹Dr. Anubhuti Khare, Reader, Department of Electronics and Communication, University Institute of Technology, Rajeev Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, (M.P.), India.
²Manish Saxena, Head of Electronics and Communication Department, Bansal Institute of Science and Technology Bhopal (M.P.), India.
³Pravin J Chaudhari, Mtech (Digital Communication), Bansal Institute of Science and Technology Bhopal (M.P.), India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 11, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 14-19 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0098101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper seeks to present ways to eliminate the inherent quantization noise component in digital communications, instead of conventionally making it minimal. It deals with a new concept of signaling called the Signal Code Modulation (SCM) Technique. The primary analog signal is represented by: a sample which is quantized and encoded digitally, and an analog component, which is a function of the quantization component of the digital sample. The advantages of such a system are two sided offering advantages of both analog and digital signaling. The presence of the analog residual allows for the system performance to improve when excess channel SNR is available. The digital component provides increased SNR and makes it possible for coding to be employed to achieve near error-free transmission.
Keywords: SCM, Hybrid Modulation, Quantized residual amplification.

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A0120101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 09:15:53 +0000

Convolutional encoder, FPGA, Register Exchange, Spartan XC3S400A Board, Viterbi decode Distributed Routing Simulation for Generic Network-on-Chip Topologies
Naveen ChoudharyNaveen Choudhary, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Technology and Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 90-95 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0120101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is recently proposed as an alternative to the on-chip bus to meet the increasing requirement of complex communication needs in Systems-on-Chip (SoC). Most researchers advocate the use of traditional regular networks like meshes as architectural templates which gained a high popularity in general-purpose parallel computing. However, most SoC platforms are special-purpose tailored to the domain-specific requirements of their application. They are usually built from a large diversity of heterogeneous components which communicate in a very specific, mostly irregular way. In such systems the size and nature of cores may vary quite widely making the topology irregular. Moreover regular topologies can become irregular due to faults in links and switches. In such scenario topology agnostic routing algorithms are generally required. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance and applicability distributed table based routing for irregular NoC on an Network-on-Chip simulation framework.
Keywords: Distributed routing, Interconnection networks, NoC, SoC.

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A0118101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 09:07:35 +0000

FPGA Based Efficient Implementation of Viterbi Decoder
Anubhuti Khare¹, Manish Saxena², Jagdish Patel³¹Dr. Anubhuti Khare, Reader,Department of Electronics and Communication, University Institute of Technology, Rajeev Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, (MP), India.
²Manish Saxena, Head of Electronics and Communication Department, Bansal Institute Of Science and Technology, Bhopal, (MP), India.
³Jagdish Patel, M.Tech (Digital Comm), Bansal Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal, (MP), India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011. | PP: 84-89 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0118101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: It is well known that data transmissions over wireless channels are affected by attenuation, distortion, interference and noise, which affect the receiver’s ability to receive correct information. Convolutional encoding with Viterbi decoding is a powerful method for forward error detection and correction. It has been widely deployed in many wireless communication systems to improve the limited capacity of the communication channels. In this paper, we present a Spartan XC3S400A Field-Programmable Gate Array efficient implementation of Viterbi Decoder with a constraint length of 3 and a code rate of 1/3. The Viterbi Decoder is compatible with many common standards, such as DVB, 3GPP2, 3GPP LTE, IEEE 802.16, Hiperlan, and Intelsat IESS-308/309.
Keywords: Convolutional encoder, FPGA, Register Exchange, Spartan XC3S400A Board, Viterbi decoder.

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A0117101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 08:58:26 +0000

Classification of EEG using PCA, ICA and Neural Network
Kavita Mahajan¹, M. R. Vargantwar², Sangita M. Rajput³¹Mrs. Kavita Mahajan, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, India.
²Mrs. M. R. Vargantwar, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Aurangabad, India.
³Mrs. Sangita M. Rajput, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, S.S.V.P.S B.S.Deore College of Engineering, Dhule, India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 80-83 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0117101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The processing and analysis of Electroencephalogram (EEG) within a proposed framework has been carried out with DWT for decomposition of the signal into its frequency sub-bands and a set of statistical features was extracted from the sub-bands to represent the distribution of wavelet coefficients. Reduction of the dimension of the data is done with the help of Principal component analysis and Independent components analysis. Then these features were used as an input to a neural network for classification of the data as normal or otherwise. The performance of classification process due to different methods is presented and compared to show the excellent of classification process. These findings are presented as an example of a method for training, and testing a normal and abnormal prediction method on data from individual petit mal epileptic patients.
Keywords: ANN. DWT, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Independent components analysis (ICA), Principal component analysis (PCA),

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A0116101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 08:51:09 +0000

Neural Network-based Offline Handwritten Signature Verification System using Hu’s Moment Invariant Analysis
Sandeep Patil¹, Shailendra Dewangan²¹Sandeep Patil, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, SSCET Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.
²Shailendra Patil, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, SSCET Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 73-79 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0116101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Handwritten signatures are considered as the most natural method of authenticating a person’s identity (compared to other biometric and cryptographic forms of authentication). The learning process inherent in Neural Networks (NN) can be applied to the process of verifying handwritten signatures that are electronically captured via a stylus. This paper presents a method for verifying handwritten signatures by using NN architecture. Various static (e.g., area covered, number of elements, height, slant, etc.) [1] and dynamic (e.g., velocity, pen tip pressure, etc.) signature features are extracted and used to train the NN [2]. Several Network topologies are tested and their accuracy is compared. Although the verification process can be thought to as a monolith component, it is recommended to divide it into loosely coupled phases (like preprocessing, feature extraction, feature matching, feature comparison and classification) allowing us to gain a better control over the precision of different components. This paper focuses on classification, the last phase in the process, covering some of the most important general approaches in the field. Each approach is evaluated for applicability in signature verification, identifying their strength and weaknesses. It is shown, that some of these weak points are common between the different approaches and can partially be eliminated with our proposed solutions. To demonstrate this, several local features are introduced and compared using different classification approaches.
Keywords: Handwritten Signature Verification (HSV), Hu’s moment invariants, Neural Networks (NN), offline, Signature Recognition, etc.

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A0115101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 08:43:41 +0000

Designing & FPGA Implementation of IIR Filter Used for Detecting Clinical Information from ECG
Manish Kansal¹, Hardeep Singh Saini², Dinesh Arora³¹Manish Kansal, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Panchkula Engineering College, Barwala Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
²Hardeep Singh Saini, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Indo Global College, Abhipur,, India.
³Dinesh Arora, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SDDIET Barwala, India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 67-72 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0115101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper describes an approach to design and implementation of digital filter algorthims based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).The advantages of FPGA approach to digital filter implementation include higher sampling rates than are available from traditional DSP chips, lower cost than ASIC for moderate volume applications An ECG is a simple and useful test which records the rhythm and electrical activity of the heart of the patient that suffers from any heart disease While recording ECG signal it gets corrupted due to different noise interferences and artefacts. Noise and interference are usually large enough to obscure small amplitude features of the ECG hat are of physiological or clinical interest. The bandwidth of the noise overlaps that of wanted signals, so that simple filtering cannot sufficiently enhance the signal to noise ratio…We have used MATLAB for this purpose as it is the most advanced tool for DSP applications. Also it helps to verify the design and results that comes from the hardware.
Keywords: FIR, IIR, FPGA,Mat lab, VHDL

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A0114101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 07:47:00 +0000

Study of the Performance of 3×3 Mimo Transmission System using Mmse and Ml Detectors
Pramodini DV¹, AG Ananth², HM Mahesh³¹Pramodini. D. V, Assistant professor in Dept of Information Science and Engineering, PESSE, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
²Dr. A. G. Ananth, Professor in Telecommunication Department of R.V College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
³Dr. H. M. Mahesh, Associate Professor and Chairman in the department of Electronics Science, Bangalore University, Jnanabharathi, Bangalore, India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 63-66 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0114101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Analysis of full-rate linear and space-time block code for 3X3 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems under a Rayleigh flat-fading environment has been carried out. The design targets specifically use a Linear Minimum Mean-square Error (MMSE) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) receivers which minimizes the average Symbol error rate (SER) for a QPSK transmitted signal. The optimization problem is solved by minimizing a lower bound of the SER. The performance of MIMO systems has been studied by changing the number of transmitters and receivers. A comparison has been made between MMSE and ML receivers in terms SER as a function of SNR. The simulation results show that the higher MIMO system exhibits a SNR~4 dB improvement for ML receiver in comparison to linear MMSE receiver.
Keywords: MIMO, MMSE, ML, QPSK, SER, SNR.

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A0111101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 07:39:23 +0000

A Modified Internal Model Control for Unstable – Time Delayed System
Basil Hamed¹, Walid Issa²¹Dr. Basil Hamed, is Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering Department, Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine.
²Eng.Walid Issa, is a research Assistant at Electrical Engineering Department, Islamic University of Gaza (IUG) Palestine.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 56-62 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0111101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: A new approach of control design of internal model controller is proposed in this paper. The proposed design method focuses on modifying the old general structure of IMC and develops a new model structure while saving the same general concept of using the invertible version of the system in the controller design. The new approach combines the IMC structure and the traditional structure of a control problem and this demonstrates an excellent performance and behavior against different disturbance inputs and model uncertainty presented in model parameter mismatch. Beside that a smith predictor is added to promote the design to compensate the delayed time systems. Also a proposed stabilizer has mentioned to deal with unstable systems.
Keywords: IMC, Unstable, Time Delay, Pendulum System, Smith predictor.

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A0108101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 07:30:35 +0000

Multimedia Networks based Dynamic WCDMA System Proposal for QoS
Anubhuti Khare¹, Manish Saxena², Shweta Tiwari³¹Dr. Anubhuti Khare, Department of Electronics and Communication, University Institute of Technology, Rajeev Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal (M.P.), India.
²Manish Saxena, Head of Electronics and Communication Department, Bansal Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal (M.P.), India.
³Shweta Tiwari, Student, M.Tech (Digital Communication), Bansal Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal (M.P.), India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 52-55 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0108101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In WCDMA 3rd Generation (3G) systems although there is no need for frequency planning as the case with second generation (2G) systems, the limitation of both capacity and coverage by the interference level in the system rendered the planning task for 3G systems far more complex than 2G systems. As the 3G radio networks now more sensitive to radio environment and traffic conditions, the advantage of dropping frequency planning could be cumbersome due to difficulties linked to what is called Cell-Breathing Phenomenon (CBP). In this work we propose a Dynamic WCDMA system that adjusts the spreading factor adaptively to overcome this problem. The simulation design will have the output of mapping the network load in terms of the number of users to the Eb /N0 required; this will give the network controller an idea about the number and type of users that may cause coverage to shrink i.e. start cell breathing. Therefore the network controller will be able to decide on the number and type of users admitted to the network at specific times.
Keywords: D-WCDMA, Coverage, cell breathing, Multimedia services.

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A0107101111

IJEAT Journal — Sat, 16 Oct 2021 07:21:07 +0000

Thermal Mismatch Stresses in a Metal Matrix Composite – A Finite Element Analysis
K. Prahlada Rao¹, D. P Girish², M. Krishna³, Madhu. B. V⁴¹Dr. K. Pralhada Rao, Vice – Principal & Professor of Mechanical Engg. Dept., JNTU College of Engg., Anantapur (AP), India.
²Dr. D. P. Girish, Professor, Mechanical Engg. Dept., Government Engineering College, Ramanagara, Karnataka, India.
³Dr. M. Krishna, Professor and Director, R & D, Rastreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
⁴Madhu. B. V, Lecturer, Mechanical Engg. Dept., Govt. Polytechnic, Holenarasipura, Hassan Dist., Karnataka, India.
Manuscript received on October 06, 2011. | Revised Manuscript received on October 12, 2011. | Manuscript published on October 30, 2011 . | PP: 45-51 | Volume-1 Issue-1, October 2011. | Retrieval Number: A0107101111/2011©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of aluminum and aluminum/Al2O3 metal matrix composites (MMCs) are measured using a dilatometer and analysis of residual thermal stresses by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The MMCs were prepared by liquid metallurgy technique for varying percentages of reinforcement in steps of 0, 5, 10, and 15% by weight. The CTE is expected to vary with relative residual strains which in turn are dependent on the percentage of reinforcement when cooled from 500C to room temperature. The experimental CTE values were compared with developed model. FEA has been used to investigate the distribution of residual thermal stresses in the interfacial region. The result indicates that the properties of the interfacial region affect the stress distribution.
Keywords: Al 6061, CTE, FEA, Liquid Metallurgy, TMA

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