Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 – International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

E5098066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 08:50:26 +0000

The International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) has ISSN: 2249-8958 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal, which is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in February, April, June, August, October and December. The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Engineering and Technology that covers Computer Science and Engineering, Information Technology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunication, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering and all interdisciplinary streams of Engineering and Technology. #Smart Computing and Information Processing #Signal and Speech Processing #Image Processing and Pattern Recognition #WSN#Artificial Intelligence and machine learning #Data mining and warehousing #Data Analytics #Deep learning #Bioinformatics #High Performance computing #Advanced Computer Networking #Cloud Computing #IoT #Parallel Computing on GPU #Human Computer Interactions #Recent Trends in Microelectronics and VLSI Design #Process & Device Technologies #Low-power design #Nanometer-scale integrated circuits #Application specific ICs (ASICs) #FPGAs #Nanotechnology #Nano electronics and Quantum Computing #3. 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BER Performance of Free-Space Optical System Over Gamma Gamma Turbulence with Pointing Error
Narendra Kumar Verma¹, Hemant Narayan²
">¹Narendra Kumar Verma, Department of Electronics and Communication, CBS Group of Institutions, Jhajjar (Haryana), India.
²Hemant Narayan, Department of Electronics and Communication, CBS Group of Institutions, Jhajjar (Haryana), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 334-336 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5098066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper investigates BER performance of free space optical (FSO) communication over gamma-gamma turbulence channel. Which is widely accepted model for moderate to strong atmospheric turbulence condition. By considering Atmospheric turbulence, Pointing error and Atmospheric attenuation a combined Statistical model for intensity fluctuation at the receiver is described for given weather and pointing error condition, a closed form expression is derived for BER performance of FSO communication System.
Keywords: Free-Space Optical Communication, BER, Pointing Error, Atmospheric Turbulance., Atmospheric Loss.
Scope of the Article: Optical Communication

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E5099066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 08:43:04 +0000

A Novel Back Pressure Algorithm using Shadow in Wireless Ad Hoc Network
Ugendhar Addagatla¹, V. Janaki²
">¹Ugendhar Addagatla, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Guru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus, Ranga Reddy (Telangana), India.
²Dr. V. Janaki, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Vaagdevi Engineering College, Warangal (Telangana), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 326-328 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5099066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: In this work, network coding has been recently applied to wireless networks to increase throughput. Back-pressure type algorithms based on the algorithm by Tassiulas and Ephremides have recently received much attention for jointly routing and scheduling over multi-hop wireless networks. We explore the performance of backpressure routing and scheduling for TCP flows over wireless networks. TCP and backpressure are not compatible due to a mismatch between the congestion control mechanism of TCP and the queue size based routing and scheduling of the backpressure framework. We decouple the routing and scheduling components of the algorithm by designing a probabilistic routing table that is used to route packets to per-destination queues. The scheduling decisions in the case of wireless networks are made using counters called shadow queues.
Keywords: Back-Pressure Algorithm, Congestion Control, Probabilistic Routing table, Shadow Queues.
Scope of the Article: WSN

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E5096066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 08:38:37 +0000

Analysis of OFDM based V-band RoF Millimeter Wave System with Wireless AWGN Channel
Chandu C.B.¹, Suparna Sreedhar A.², Nandan S.³
">¹Chandu C. B., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sigma Group Educational Academy, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.
²Suparna Sreedhar A., Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sigma Group Educational Academy, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.
³Nandan S., Department of Electronics and Communication Engg., L.B.S. Institute of Technology for Women, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 322-325 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5096066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: As technology advances, the bandwidth requirement is increasing day by day. These growing needs push the RF carrier frequencies towards the millimeter wavebands. A radio over fiber link schemes with Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) with 5 Gbps data rate in OFDM format is presented in this paper. The 60 GHz millimeter wave is generated by implementing Frequency Quadrupling techniques. Optical generation method is adopted in this paper. The central office to base station link as well as the base station to mobile station links is analysed with the help of simulation software
Keywords: OFDM, Radio Over Fiber, Full Duplex, RF Down Conversion
Scope of the Article: Predictive Analysis

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E5095066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 07:42:12 +0000

Variance Based Method for Signal Separation in Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing
Abhilash Jose M V¹, Aparna P R²
¹Abhilash Jose M V, Department of Electronics and Communication, SCT College of Engineering, Trivandrum (Kerala), India.
²Aparna P R, Department of Electronics and Communication, SCT College of Engineering, Trivandrum (Kerala), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 316-321 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5095066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper proposes a variance based method for ultrasonic defect detection for non-destructive testing of maraging steel. Maraging steel is a carbon free iron-nickel alloy which has superior strength and toughness. It also has a high malleability making possible for it to be easily machined and welded. Maraging steels are used extensively in the space industry for the construction of rocket motor casings, owing to its greater strength and fracture toughness. During its fabrication, defects like cracks may develop in the maraging steel. The cracks have a tendency to grow and spread, eventually leading to the fracture of the material. Non-destructive testing methods like ultrasound testing are used for the regular inspection of maraging steel rocket motor cases. Improving the probability of detection is a demanding task since the space industry has a very rigorous acceptance criteria and the permissibility of defects is very small. The sensitivity and resolution of ultrasonic systems is greatly reduced by the noise in the acquired ultrasound signals produced due to the coarse and textured microstructure of maraging steel. The main goal here is to successfully detect the defect signal hidden in the noise. Defects of a large size may be easier to detect, but the difficulty arises in the case of smaller defects which produces ultrasonic echoes whose amplitude is similar to that of the material noise. Successful detection of these smaller defects is essential for the space vehicle to achieve its designed payload capacity. The method presented here calculates and compares the variance of the acquired ultrasound signals, for separating the defect signal from noise. Further improvement in the detection can be achieved by comparing variance of Fourier transform coefficients of the acquired signals.
Keywords: Maraging Steel, Non-Destructive Testing, Ultrasound, Fast Fourier Transform, QUT 2003, Variance.
Scope of the Article: Signal and Speech Processing

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E5093066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 07:38:22 +0000

Video Summarization: A Review on Local Binary Pattern and Classification Process
Aiswarya. N. R¹, Smitha. P. S²
">¹Aiswarya. N.R, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sree Chitra Thirunnal College of Engineering, Trivandrum (Kerala), India.
²Smitha.P.S , Department, of Electronics and Communication Engineering , Sree Chitra Thirunnal College of Engineering, Trivandrum (Kerala), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 313-315 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5093066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Video summarization system can yield good results if the high level features also called the semantic concepts in video frame are modeled accurately by considering the temporal aspects of the frames. The existing system is context aware surveillance video summarization which is a Domain dependent System. It works only on low level features and correlation between them is extracted and updated using dictionary algorithm in an online fashion. Thus dictionary size increases. In contrast to the existing method, the proposed system is a domain adaptive video summarization framework based on high level features in such a way that the summarized video can capture the key contents by assuring minimum number of frames. One of the high level features extracted is Local binary pattern (LBP).Key frames can be extracted after finding the Euclidean distance between the LBP descriptor in different methods. The key frames are classified using k-means clustering algorithm. The result is compared with several datasets thus showing the effectiveness of the proposed system. The entire work can be simulated using matlab.
Keywords: Euclidean Distance; Feature Extraction; LBP; Video Summarization
Scope of the Article: Classification

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E5091066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 07:34:11 +0000

Computation of Linear Elastic and Elastic Plastic Fracture Mechanics Parameters Using FEA
Renjin J Bright¹, Lokesh Kumar P. J²
">¹Renjin J Bright, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
²Lokesh Kumar P. J, Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, RMK Engineering College, Chennai (Tamil Nadu), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 306-312 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5091066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) parameter Stress intensity factor and Elastic Plastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM) parameter J-Integral are the most imperative fracture parameters used to determine the structural integrity of components with flaws. This work deals with the evaluation of Stress intensity factor and J-integral for Center Cracked Tensile (CCT) specimens using the versatile Finite Element Analysis (FEA) package ANSYS. Alternate methods used for evaluating stress intensity factor such as stress extrapolation method and displacement extrapolation method have also been demonstrated. Different aspect ratios have been selected for the evaluation. The FEA results have been compared with that obtained by empirical means. An attempt has also been made to compute the critical crack length of a CCT specimen with a center through crack. Evaluation of critical crack lengths have been made under different loading cases, purely with the aid of FEA package ANSYS. J-integral evaluation depends on material non-linearity. The material curve for non-linear analysis have been generated using inverse Ramberg-Osgood relationship. ASTM A 36 steel used for common structural and plate applications is designated as the material for analysis. The ability of FEA to determine the fracture parameters has been successfully studied by this work.
Keywords: Stress Intensity Factor, J-Integral, Center Cracked Tensile Specimen, Stress Extrapolation, Displacement Extrapolation, Finite Element Analysis, Critical Crack Length.
Scope of the Article: Predictive Analysis

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E5087066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 07:29:47 +0000

Delta Shaped Planar Monopole Antenna for Super Wide Band Applications
Sunil Kumar Singh¹, Manshree Mishra²
">¹Mr. Sunil Kumar Singh, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), India.
²Manshree Mishra, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 303-305 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5087066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Delta shaped planar monopole antenna employing a triangular slot in the ground plane is proposed. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is from 2.8603 to 30 GHz for reflection coefficient less than -10 dB. Since the antenna manifests a bandwidth ratio of 10:1, it can be assess as a super wide band antenna and it also cover the frequency range of ultra wide band antenna. Better impedance matching and enhanced bandwidth is achieved by the use of triangular slot on the ground plane. Simulation is done by ANSOFT High Frequency Structure Simulator (ANSOFT HFSS 13.0) which is based on Finite Element Method.
Keywords: Impedance Bandwidth, Monopole Antenna, Reflection Coefficient, Ultra Wideband/super wide band.
Scope of the Article: Microwave Antenna

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E5086066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 07:25:34 +0000

Fabrication of Solar Cells by using Nano-materials and Oxide Composites
Ather Rehman¹, Muhammad Aamir Shafi², Nasrullah Khan³
">¹Ather Rehman, Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
²Muhammad Aamir Shafi, Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
³Nasrullah Khan, Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 293-302 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5086066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Solar Energy is eco-friendly source of energy that can easily be harnessed. ZnO based solar cells were produced. There were number of methods available for synthesis of ZnO like co-precipitation method, sol gel method and gas phase reaction method. ZnO was synthesized using co-precipitation method. It is important to mention here that ZnO particles that were deposited on the ITO slides were produced using ZnCl2 and NaOH in the presence of De Ionized Water. XRD and SEM of ZnO particles were obtained and it is noted that the ZnO sample that was produced in the lab was in good condition. XRD and SEM of thin films was also obtained and analyzed. By the help of these results we were able to know about the structure of ZnO and the phase purity of the thin film. Similarly, crystalline size of nano particles of ZnO was also calculated by applying the Debye Scherrer Formula on the results of XRD of thin films. In the end, IV characteristics of the thin films were obtained by the help of simulator in the presence of light as well as in the dark region.
Keywords: Bandgap, Insolation, Irradiation, Photovoltaic, PV Module, Pyranometer , Solar Cell .
Scope of the Article: Low-power design

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E5084066517

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 07:21:21 +0000

Comparative Study of Seismic Performance of Building Having Vertical Geometric Irregularity at Different Floor Levels
Manoj Kumar¹, Hemant Singh Parihar²
">¹Manoj Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi (U.P), India.
²Hemant Singh Parihar, Department of Civil Engineering, GLA University, Mathura (U.P), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 287-292 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5084066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Nowadays, as in the urban areas the space available for the construction of buildings is limited. So in limited space we have to construct such type of buildings which have can be used for multiple purposes such as lobbies, car parking etc. To fulfill this demand, buildings with irregularities is the only option available. During an earthquake, failure of structure starts at points of weakness. This weakness arises due to discontinuity in mass, stiffness and geometry of structure. Vertical irregularities are one of the major reasons of failures of structures during earthquakes. To study the behavior of the building having vertical geometric irregularity at different floor levels six models have been considered in this project. All the models were analyzed by using SAP 2000. The methods used for the analysis are static method and response spectrum method.
Keywords: Discontinuity, Earthquake, Geometry, Mass, Response Spectrum Method, Stiffness, Static Method, Vertical Irregularity.
Scope of the Article: Building Energy

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F5099086617

IJEAT Journal — Thu, 15 Dec 2022 07:15:37 +0000

A Mesoporous Pipelining Scheme for High Performance Digital Systems using Asynchronous Cache
Sukanya. K¹, G. Laxminarayana²
">¹Sukanya. K, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, TKR College of Engineering and Technology, Ranga Reddy (Telangana), India.
²G. Laxminarayana, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, TKR College of Engineering and Technology, Ranga Reddy (Telangana), India.
Manuscript received on 13 June 2017 | Revised Manuscript received on 20 June 2017 | Manuscript Published on 30 June 2017 | PP: 283-286 | Volume-6 Issue-5, June 2017 | Retrieval Number: E5099066517/17©BEIESP
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: To relate the increasing behavior of processor and main memory in economical manner, new cache designs and implementations are essential. Cache is liable for themain part of energy consumption. This paper presents an implementation of mesochronous pipelined scheme for high performance digital circuit using asynchronouscache. As a result of the real fact that design of cache memory is time consuming and error prone manner, configurable and synthesizable model generates a particular variety of caches in reproducible and speedy fashion. The mesochronous pipelined cache, implemented by C-Elements which act as a disseminated message passing system. The RTL cache model is implemented in 8×8 multiplier circuit in this paper contains large amount of data and instruction caches and it has a wide array of configurable parameters. Finally, the proposed model produces low delay, reduced area and low power consumption compared to the existing 8 bit multiplication process.
Keywords: Mesochronous Pipelined, Asynchronous Cache, Delay, Area, Power Consumption, 8 Bit Multiplier, RTL Model
Scope of the Article: Low-power design

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