Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021 – International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT)

C21530210321

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 10:10:54 +0000

The International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) has ISSN: 2249-8958 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical bi-monthly international journal, which is published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP) in February, April, June, August, October and December. 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Multi-layer Laser Mirrors for Optical Sensors Deposited by Electron Beam Deposition and Ion Assisted Electron Beam Deposition
Laxminarayana Gangalakurti¹, K Venugopal Reddy², I M Chhabra³
¹Laxminarayana Gangalakurti*, Research Centre Imarat, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
²K Venugopal Reddy, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India.
³I M Chhabra, Research Centre Imarat, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Manuscript received on January 09, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on January 15, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 249-255 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 10.35940/ijeat.C2153.0210321 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C2153.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: High reflectivity and low loss mirrors are very much essential for state-of art sensors like Ring Laser Gyroscopes widely used for navigation of moving platforms. Surface scattering is the main source of loss for the Laser mirrors of high reflectivity. Surface scattering also lead to coupling of back reflected light leading to dead band of optical sensors at low input rotation. Super polished glass substrates have been prepared from low expansion glass ceramic material. Surface roughness is achieved about 3-5Å (RMS value) for the ceramic glass substrates prior to thin film coating. The substrates are deposited with 41 alternative layers of SiO2 and Ta2O5 of Quarter-Wave optical thickness with Electron Beam Deposition (EBD) technique. Ion beam Assisted Electron Beam Deposition (IAEBD) is used for another batch of substrates to coat identical stack of layers on glass substrates of the same surface quality. The key process parameters of both the coating processes are presented. The optical constants of the films are evaluated with spectroscopic Ellipsometer from 400nm to 1600nm. Total Integrated Scattering is estimated from the achieved surface finishing of mirrors deposited. The multi-layer coatings are characterized with UV-Vis-IR Spectrophotometer and Cavity Ring Down(CRD) loss meter. The quantitative optical loss of the mirrors is measured at 45o angle of incidence with CRD loss meter. The merits of ion assisted EB process over simple EB coating processes are evaluated against optical constants of thin films and performances of mirrors. Fitness of the processes for realizing Laser mirrors for optical sensors at 632.8nm is evaluated.
Keywords: Ring Laser, Electron Beam deposition, Ion Assisted Electron Beam deposition, surface roughness, reflectivity, extinction coefficient, cavity ring down loss meter, Tatntalum pentoxide, silicon dioxide.
Scope of the Article: Optical Sensors

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C22080210321

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 10:00:16 +0000

Climatic Envelope as an Urban Planning Tool to Configure Urban Fabric of Guwahati City to Support Daylight and Natural Ventilation
Amal Barman¹, Madhumita Roy², Arpan Dasgupta³
¹Amal Barman*, Department of Architecture, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
²Dr. Madhumita Roy, Department of Architecture, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
³Dr. Arpan Dasgupta, Amity school of Architecture and Planning, Amity University, Kolkata, India.
Manuscript received on January 28, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 04, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 239-248 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.C22080210321 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C2208.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Over the last decade, as a result of rapid urban growth and increasing human population, Guwahati city is witnessing multilayered transformation owing to socio-economic, geo-political and technological issues. This constant increase of built form is resulting haphazard urban growth pattern in down town city areas sacrificing the access to daylight and solar radiation inside residential buildings. Even though the development pattern of Guwahati is controlled by established GMDA building bye-laws; these building regulations and guidelines are unable to control the organic growth of the city since there is no climate-sensitive approach available in the existing GMDA bye-laws. This paper aims to discuss the likelihood of constructing a composite climatic envelope by using daylight spacing angle and solar elevation angle techniques within the residential zone of Guwahati city. This paper also analyses how climatic envelope technique helps to establish an efficient height-to-width (H/W) ratio in spatial arrangement of residential neighbourhood and ensures a higher levels of daylight factor (DF), permits solar access to the neighboring buildings and also enables better ventilation rate inside every rooms of residential buildings. This paper analyses further to discuss about the performance of natural ventilation inside building envelope and reviews the common energy code of openable window to floor area (WFRop) ratio in urban residential buildings. During this study, an existing urban spatial arrangement of residential neighbourhood under GMDA jurisdiction is studied, discussed and analysed. Results of this study, plotting H/W ratio against average daylight factor and ventilation rate can be used as a preliminary urban design tool to configure the urban fabric especially within the residential zone of GMDA area.
Keywords: Climatic envelope, solar envelope, Daylight Factor, H/W ratio, Natural ventilation
Scope of the Article: Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality

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C22140210321

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 09:52:12 +0000

Energy Efficient of IDS Using Fuzzy Logic for Lifetime Improvement in Wireless Sensor Network
S. Venkatesan¹, M. Ramakrishnan²
¹S. Venkatesan*, Computer Application, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
²Dr. M. Ramakrishnan, School of IT, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
Manuscript received on January 30, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 04, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 233-238 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.C22140210321 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C2214.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: The Wireless Sensor Network (W.S.N.) comprises little batteries fueled sensor gadgets with restricted energy assets. The Sensor hubs used to monitor the physical screen or conditionsbased on normal, theinformation must be private organization to primary area. The Most significant obstacles in a sensing the remote in the particular network which used to make an efficient energy framework. Clustering is the one of the major process in the sensor network based on wireless which used to drag out the life time of an organization lifetime which in turn reduce the energy utilization of the network. It includes gathering hubs into groups and choosing bunch heads (CH) for all the groups. CH gather information from separate group hubs and forward the collected data to the fundamental corner. This paper proposes novel fluffy various dynamic methodology measures: “Energy Efficient Optimal Cluster Head Selection utilizing Fuzzy Logic (EEOCH-FL)” for Wireless Sensor Network. Fluffy different boundary dynamic methodology is used to choose C.H.s utilizing three standards: leftover energy, fixation, the right ways from the principle hubs, and base station. The life cycle of Clustering hub and Clustering Head are grouped, clustering hub which transmitted all data to the Cluster Header Leader (CHL). The bunch head pioneers sent collected information to the Base Station (B.S.) from that point forward. The determination of bunch heads, group head pioneers is controlled and monitored by utilizing a fluffy rationale. The information transmission measure is per-shaped by the briefest energy way chosen to apply Dijkstra Algorithm. The reenactment results show that this methodology is more potent in boosting the availability inside each bunch. Furthermore, the reproduction aftereffects of this examination are contrasted and different conventions LEACH and CEELRP to assess the proposed steering convention’s presence. The assessment reasons that convention of steering of this proposed work proved to be an effective in utilization of an energy.
Keywords: Intrusion Detection System, Fuzzy Logic, Lifetime of Network, Clustering, Routing protocol
Scope of the Article: Fuzzy logics

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C21360210321

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 09:40:54 +0000

Simplified and Precise Design of Crossflow Turbine Power Transmission Components
Williams S. Ebhota¹, Pavel Y. Tabakov²
">¹Williams S, Ebhota*, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
²Pavel Y. Tabakov, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Manuscript received on January 04, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 05, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 227-232 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.C21360210321 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C2136.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Despite the merits of small hydropower (SHP), coupled with the perennial inadequate and unreliable electricity supply in SSA, the huge SHP potential in the region is hugely untapped. This is largely attributed to the lack of adequate technical components for the development of SHP turbines, which are: technical personnel, and production facilities in the region. The hydraulic power possessed by flowing water in SHP resources can be harnessed and transformed into usable electrical energy via the deployment of a hydro turbine plant. Commonly used hydro turbines include crossflow (CFT), Pelton, Turgo, and Francis turbines. Amongst these turbines, CFT is mostly applied in low head sites and has efficiency ranging from 70–85%. The CFT power transmission subsystem is considered vital to its performance; the shaft, which transmits the generated motion to drive the alternator, is the most critical part of the CFT transmission subsystem and it requires careful design and production processes. This study centres on the development of a simplified systematic design process for power transmission shaft, pulley, and belt, to facilitate CFT power generation efficiency. .Further, the study is geared towards boosting CFT technology capacity domestically for the benefit of local production. The hydrological properties of the Ayiba SHP site in Osun state, Nigeria, were adopted for this work as a case study. The head and power for this resource are 11.8 m and 122.4 kW, respectively, and are served as the fundamental parameters for the design of the power transmission subsystem. The design computation shows that a shaft of diameter 65 mm and a D-type of V-belt with a corresponding pulley will be required to transmit the generated turbine power to the alternator. A 3-D model was created based on the design values and this was used to validate the integrity of the shaft by static stimulation. The simulation result, which is based on von Mises was satisfactory as the highest stress obtained in the shaft was 205 N/mm2; resulting in a 2.6 factor of safety.
Keywords: Small hydropower; Hydro turbine; Crossflow turbine; Crossflow shaft; Crossflow turbine transmission system; V-belt and pulley selection
Scope of the Article: Turbine Power Transmission

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C22440210321

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 09:30:02 +0000

Optimization of Spraying Process in Thermal Power Plant using Robot
Shravankumar¹, Nilesh Diwakar², G.R. Selokar³, B Nageshwar Rao⁴
¹Shravankumar*, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore (MP), India.
²Dr. Nilesh Diwakar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore (MP), India.
³Dr. G.R. Selokar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore MP, India.
⁴Dr. B Nageshwar Rao, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Mahaveer Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, India.
Manuscript received on February 13, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 20, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 223-226 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.C22440210321 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C2244.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: To synthesize the surface of the metal bodies, a thermal spray coating is used. There is a great need for this new coating technology in today’s progressive world where modification of the substrate material is carried out a great deal. Thermal spray covering, electroplating, powder metallurgy and other metallurgical processes are used very quickly in the field of surface modification. We have presented the summary of all different types of thermal spray coating in this review paper and the advantages of high-speed oxy fuel coating. There is a literature review and an experiment was conducted on behalf of that to demonstrate the effect of coating on mild steel plate. Through Robot, we present a proposed optimization of the spraying process in a thermal power plant. We will explore the thermal spraying and oxidation effect on deposited aluminium and bronze in this research work. We present a detailed assessment of the robot kinematics and optimize the generation of the robot trajectory with a focus on the constant relative scanning speed. The results show that the motion behavior of each axis of robot permits to identify the motion problems in the trajectory. This approach enables the generation of robot trajectories in a limited working envelope to be optimised.
Keywords: Spraying Process, Robot, Thermal Power.
Scope of the Article: Robotics

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F8782088619

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 09:20:10 +0000

Rebar Corrosion Monitoring and Prevention Techniques
Sooriyalakshmi. N¹, Jane Helena. H²
¹N. Sooriyalakshmi*, Research scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India.
²Dr. Jane Helena. H, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University, Chennai.
Manuscript received on February 14, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 20, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 219-222 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.F8782088619 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.F8782.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Corrosion is the gradual degradation of the metal by chemical reaction with the environment. The service life of the structure is a major concern that depends on the cost involved in construction, maintenance, and repair works. This paper discusses the corrosion mechanism, factors influencing corrosion, corrosion monitoring techniques, and corrosion protection methods. The monitoring techniques include the Linear polarization method, Active monitoring using sensors, DAQ cards, impedance measurement using chips, etc. Prevention methods include an application of paints with various chemical compositions, cathodic protection inhibitors, the use of fiberreinforced polymer, etc.
Keywords: Corrosion, Types of corrosion, Factors affecting corrosion, Active sensing, DAQ card, sensors, FRP, cathodic protection
Scope of the Article: Network Performance; Protocols; Sensors

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C22430210321

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 09:12:35 +0000

Design & Analysis of Dynamic Response in Hydrolic Equipment Working with Heavy Loads
Sharanagouda Hadimani¹, Nilesh Diwakar², G.R. Selokar³, B Nageshwar Rao⁴
¹Sharanagouda Hadimani*, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore, MP, India
²Dr. Nilesh Diwakar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore, MP, India
³Dr. G.R. Selokar, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology & Medical Sciences, Sehore, MP, India
⁴Dr. B Nageshwar Rao, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Mahaveer Institute of Science & Technology, Hyderabad, India.
Manuscript received on February 20, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 28, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 215-218 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.C22430210321 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C2243.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Hydraulic system has benefits over pneumatic or electric systems, especially when heavy loads are involved, or when very smooth and precise position or pressure control is required. Hydraulic actuators have several advantages including the fact that they produce less heat and electrical interference at the machine than do electric actuators. A simulation model of the support was established to determine the dynamic responses of the hydraulic support under dual impacts from its roof and shield beams, and the column and balance jack were replaced using a spring-damper system. Analysis of poses was performed and dynamic support responses were obtained.
Keywords: Hydraulic, Machine, Dynamic Response.
Scope of the Article: Hydraulic Engineering

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C22410210321

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 09:02:32 +0000

Defect Detection Based on Segmentation of Thermographic Images of Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging
V. Phani Bhushan¹, K.S. Sagar Reddy², K. Murali³
¹V. Phani Bhushan, Research Scholar, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, U.P., India.
²Dr. K.S. Sagar Reddy, Research Supervisor, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, U.P., India.
³Dr. K. Murali, Associate Professor, Department of E.C.E., N.E.C., A.P., India.
Manuscript received on February 13, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 25, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 210-216 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.C22410210321 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C2241.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: To improve the usefulness of the data, the raw images acquired during non-destructive testing should be processed by image processing techniques. In this paper, by Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging, we use the image fusion technique to boost the detection capability of defects in a GFRP sample with 25 squared Teflon inserts of different sizes positioned at various depths. In applications such as detection, image segmentation is useful where it is difficult to process the entire image at a time. In this paper, Adaptive Thresholding Image segmentation is used to classify the delamination in Thermographic Images of Infrared Non-Destructive Research on images captured at two different times. Image fusion is later applied to segmented images. Image fusion is used to merge two or more pictures of a different focus and to provide the best picture quality. Fusion is carried out using the Basic Averaging Method here. Using Relative Foreground Area error, the performance of the proposed method is quantitatively assessed. The region and shape of an object are important parameters in the case of Non-Destructive Evaluation. Such parameters are contrasted with current methods of segmentation.
Keywords: NDT, Adaptive Thresholding, Image Fusion, Quantitative Analysis.
Scope of the Article: Thermal Engineering

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D22890410421

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 08:53:43 +0000

Improvising Dynamic Cloud Resource Allocation to Optimise QoS and Cost Effectiveness
Gudur Vamsi Krishna¹, K. F. Bharati²
¹Gudur Vamsi Krishna*, M. Tech, Department of CSE, JNTUACE, Anantapur, India
²Dr. K. F. Bharati, Assistant Professor, Department of CSE, Anantapur, India
Manuscript received on February 25, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 28, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 206-209 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.D22890410421 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.D2289.0210321
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© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Cloud computing offers streamlined instruments for outstanding business efficiency processes. Cloud distributors typically give two distinct forms of usage plans: Reserved as well as On-demand. Restricted policies provide inexpensive long-term contracting services, while order contracts were very expensive and ready for brief rather than long longer periods. In order to satisfy current customer demands with equal rates, cloud resources must be delivered wisely. Many current works depend mainly on low-cost resource-reserved strategies, which may be under-provisioning and over-provisioning rather than costly ondemand solutions. Since unfairness can cause enormous high availability costs and cloud demand variability in the distribution of cloud resources, resource allocation has become an extremely challenging issue. The hybrid approach to allocating cloud services according to complex customer orders is suggested in that article. The strategy was constructed as a two-step mechanism consisting of accommodation stages and then a versatile structure. In this way, by constructing each step primarily as an optimization problem, we minimize the total cost of implementation, thereby preserving service quality. By modeling client prerequisites as probability distributions are disseminated owing to the dubious presence of cloud requests, we set up a stochastic Optimization-based approach. Using various approaches, our technique is applied, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness when assigning individual cloud resources.
Keywords: Cloud computing, Resource allocation, Demand
Scope of the Article: Cloud computing

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C22790210321

IJEAT Journal — Fri, 22 Oct 2021 08:47:22 +0000

Design a 900 Hybrid Feed Square Patch Stacked Antenna at 3GHz
V. Saidulu
V. Saidulu*, Assistant Professor, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology

Manuscript received on February 20, 2021. | Revised Manuscript received on February 28, 2021. | Manuscript published on February 28, 2021. | PP: 201-205 | Volume-10 Issue-3, February 2021. | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.C22790210321 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C2279.0210321
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: Microstrip antennas find wide applications in high-speed vehicles, and missiles, tanks, satellite communications etc. The main advantage of these antennas over conventional microwave antenna are lightweight, low volume, low cost, planar structure and compatibility with integrated circuits. The present paper deals with the design and development of 90o hybrid feed square patch stacked antenna. The design of square patch and 900 hybrid feed has been carried out at frequency of 3 GHz on epoxy glass substrate, the radiation pattern of the square patch has been experimentally studied. The effect of stacked patches placed above the square patch has been studied experimentally for different cases like 1,2,3 and 4 stacked patches placed one above other above the driven square patch. From the experimental result it has been found that performance of the case of 1 + 2 (one driven element and two parasitic element) is optimum with bandwidth of 16 % and VSWR 1.42 the performance degrades the no of practical elements is increased that is for case 1 + 3 and 1 + 4 etc., The performance of 1 + 2 case of also found to be superior to the performance 1+ 0 and 1+1 cases experimentally studied, also been carried out for cross Polarization and co – polarization.
Keywords: Bandwidth, Beamwidth, Gain, Resonant frequency, Radiation pattern etc
Scope of the Article: Microstrip Antenna design and application

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