A Low-Cost Patch-Antenna for Non-Invasive Brain Cell Detection
Abdullah Alzahrani
Abdullah Alzahrani, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Taif University, Al Hawiyah.
Manuscript received on 24 January 2024 | Revised Manuscript received on 30 January 2024 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 February 2024 | Manuscript published on 28 February 2024 | PP: 57-63 | Volume-13 Issue-3, February 2024 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijeat.C436913030224 | DOI: 10.35940/ijeat.C4369.13030224
Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Zenodo | OJS | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: Cancer is one of the most frequent causes of death around the world. Brain tumour is a critical and dangerous type and have a few difficulties with the techniques used for their detection; it is hard to determine their location when it is small at an early stage. The purpose of this work is to design a low-cost microstrip patch antenna sensor suitable for detecting brain cancer tumours. The computer simulation technology CST Studio Suite 3D EM simulation and analysis was used to create a patch antenna with different frequencies of 2.8 GHz, 3.9 GHz, 5 GHz, and 5.6 GHz to diagnose brain tumours. A comparison study between these resonance frequencies (lower-band (L-B) 2 GHz, middle-band (M-B) 3.9-5 GHz, and upper-band (U-B) > 5 GHz) has been performed using a six-layer brain phantom consisting of fat, dura, brain, skin, CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid), and skull. The designed patch sensor was assessed in both scenarios, with and without a tumour cell, on a brain phantom. Three parameters have been observed: the frequency phase shift, the depth of reflection return loss, and power absorption, which were used to indicate the presence of tumour cells. This study concludes that the middle – band (M-B) results in good penetration and a better return loss depth of around -20 dB. Meanwhile, the higher band provides a high resolution of 21 MHz phase shift, but with only a depth value of difference return loss of -0.1 dB. The proposed work could provide a pathway for designing patch sensors for biomedical applications.
Keywords: Antenna; Specific Absorption Rate; Brain Tumor; Phase Shift; Return Loss.
Scope of the Article: Application Specific ICs (ASICs)